In modern medicine, several types of breast cancer are distinguished:
- Hormone-dependent breast cancer;
- Three times negative breast cancer;
- Luminal breast cancer.
Gormonozawisimy cancer is a form of oncological disease that occurs due to an impaired hormonal background, and the tumor has receptors for estrogens and progesterone. Laboratory analyzes show the location of protein molecules on the surface of a cancer cell. For effective treatment, hormone therapy is needed.
The main signs of hormone-dependent cancer, is the appearance of nodal seals. These neoplasms do not cause pain, they can be determined by palpation or at a doctor’s mammologist. There is a significant increase in lymph nodes near the armpits and secretion of fluid from the nipples – a transparent or pale yellow hue.
Three times the negative form of cancer is one of the most aggressive forms. Aggressiveness of the disease implies low sensitivity to many drugs that are effective and provide positive results in the treatment of other types of breast cancer. Also, after successfully fighting this type of disease, a woman should continue to be monitored regularly by an oncologist. Necessity is associated with relapse. But, thanks to modern medicine and timely treatment, every patient has the opportunity to completely get rid of the disease.
Strongly expressed symptoms, a negative kind of cancer does not. Oncology is manifested by the appearance of nodular formations in the area of the mammary glands, a transparent fluid from the nipples and enlarged lymph nodes in the underarm area.
Luminal cancer develops due to mutation and proliferation of cells of the luminal type.Types of luminal cancer:
- A-type;
- B-type.
A-type cancer is diagnosed during menopause. Cell receptors are good for estrogen and progesterone cells.
Luminal breast cancer type B is dangerous by the penetration of metastases into the lymph nodes and relapse. This type of cancer affects women of young age
Stages of breast cancer
Like other cancers, breast cancer, depending on the level of cell damage and symptoms, is divided into stages.
Definition of stages of breast cancer:
- Volume (size) of the tumor. Conventional signs «Т1, Т2, Т3, Т4»;
- Metastases in the lymph nodes. Legend «N0, N1, N2, N3»;
- The presence of distant metastases. The conventional signs are “M0, M1”.
In the first stage, the amount of formation does not reach 2 centimeters (T1), there are no metastases in the lymph nodes (N0), and there are no distant metastases (M0).
Stage 2 of breast cancer is characterized by neoplasm not exceeding 4-5 centimeters (T2), lesion of lymph nodes (N1), there are single metastases.
Breast cancer of the third stage: tumor size of at least 5 centimeters (T3), the presence of metastases of lymph nodes of regional importance (N2), distant metastases are present (M1).
For the fourth stage of breast cancer, the size of the formation is not determined, (T4), metastasis affects the lymph nodes of the axilla (N3), there is a large number of distant metastases.