Test Stange. The patient is asked to hold his breath for the maximum possible time after a deep breath. The time of holding the breath is determined (s), the pulse rate is calculated in the first 30 seconds of holding the breath and after the end of the test. Normally, the breath-holding time varies from 40 to 90 s, while the pulse rate increases by 10–20 beats / min.

Sample Gencha. It is performed in the same way as the previous one, but after a deep expiration. Normally, breath holding ranges from 20 to 40 seconds with a certain increase in pulse rate.

Of particular note is the new gentle cyclic method.

bicycle ergometry. Its meaning lies in gradually presenting the patient with a gradually increasing and then gradually decreasing (at a speed of 33 W / min) load of moderate intensity with simultaneous recording of cardio-vascular indicators in the form of a hysteresis loop in the coordinate system “load value — heart rate” 2-axis recorder. This method eliminates the state of “gravitational shock”, allows for a clear phase analysis of each load cycle, to identify the transition phase and steady state cardiac activity, i.e. get the additional information that is needed for in-depth characterization of the state of the body and its adaptation capabilities. The method is very informative in assessing the influence of various factors and drugs on performance. In addition, in connection with the graphic image of the hysteresis loop, which retains all the individual characteristics of the subject, it becomes possible to use static methods of pattern recognition, which allows us to successfully solve problems of creating rational treatment programs taking into account the individual data of a particular patient.

All of the above methods are widely used in functional diagnostics. However, in our practice, we prefer a sample with a standard physical load according to M.I. Tishchenko, which is simpler, does not require additional equipment, can be carried out directly at the patient’s bed and, more importantly, less dangerous for those patients whose threshold limit the portability of the load is close to the state of rest, and the subjective assessment of its own reserves is clearly overestimated.

After recording IRGT alone supine, the patient is asked to sit down 10 times and lie in bed, after which the recording of IRGT is repeated. To assess restitution after a load, IRGT is recorded 3 minutes after it. In the presence of functional reserves in response to the load, the CU increases by 0.3, regardless of its initial value. The load response is considered adequate if the CD returns to its original value by the end of the third minute. Such a load is sufficient and indicative for the detection of latent (dynamic) heart failure, assessment of myocardial functional reserves. Load, as experience has shown in its use, can serve as a hemodynamic model of thoracic surgery, because after it comes a blood circulation mode, which occurs, for example, when during the operation on the lungs.