Breast lumpy tumors – diagnosis, treatment
Leaf tumors are rare, usually slow-growing structures, characterized by both epithelial and stromal proliferation. Although they can occur at any age, most often develop during the period of premenopause.
In general, their connective tissue is characterized by increased cellularity, polymorphism and mitotic activity. The increased cellularity of the connective tissue is a distinctive feature of this tumor.
The clinical course of leaflike tumors is different and often unpredictable. Attempts to estimate the degree of malignancy by cell number and polymorphism are not always successful. About 10% of all leaf-shaped tumors have obvious signs of malignancy.
Many have questionable histological characteristics or appear benign. Recommend wide excision of the tumor. Radical mastectomy and modified radical procedures are not shown.
Intraductal papilloma of the mammary gland – diagnosis, treatment
Intraductal papilloma is manifested by serous, serous-bloody or watery discharge from the nipple. In the absence of a palpable mass, the most common cause of bleeding from the nipple is the intraductal papilloma.
Discharges usually arise spontaneously and from one duct, usually on one side. Pressing on the isola causes a discharge, and it is in this area that the formation itself is usually located. Sometimes the diameter of the intraductal papillomas can reach 4-5 cm.
Papillomas are yellowish-brown or pink tumors visible to the naked eye in the dilated ducts or cysts. Papillary structure is not always expressed. This tumor is usually connected to the wall of the affected duct with a thin leg, but it can also be “sedentary.” To identify papilloma, it is necessary to carefully cut through the wall of the affected duct with the help of thin scissors until the desired tumor is found.
Microscopic examination of these tumors consists of a set of branching and anastomosing papillae, each of which is determined by the connective tissue basis with vessels, covered with a layer of cubic or cylindrical epithelium.
In the literature there are intense disputes regarding the potential for malignancy of single intraductal papillomas. Available data suggest that these lesions rarely undergo malignant degeneration. Therefore, the risk of breast cancer (BC) in women with intraductal papilloma is apparently not higher than in the general population.
In most cases, discharge from the nipple – a consequence of benign diseases that do not require surgical intervention. However, the color and consistency of these secretions, their cytology and, in some cases, mammography are important auxiliary diagnostic methods. Only in 20-30% of cases the bleeding from the nipple is caused by a malignant neoplasm. Taking neuroleptics, especially the phenothiazine series, can cause discharge of both nipples, mainly due to a decrease in the concentration of dopamine, which increases the level of prolactin.