Some special methods for the study of lymphatic collectors and mediastinal organs: mediastinoscopy, parasternal mediastinotomy — the clinic has not developed much of its practical application. This is due to the fact that the verified defeat of lymph nodes located […]

Bronchoscopy is one of the main methods for diagnosing lung cancer and estimating the prevalence of this disease. During bronchoscopy, it is possible to visually examine the larynx, trachea, main, lobar, segmental, and even subsegmental bronchi, to assess the state of […]

The “false-negative” conclusions in most of our observations were due to the small size of metastatic foci in the kidneys and adrenal glands. So, out of 10 undiagnosed metastases in the kidneys in three cases, their size was 0.5–6 cm, […]

The reason for the “false negative” findings of liver ultrasound is the small size of metastases. So, in our observations, out of 14 cases with secondary foci of 11 that were not detected before the operation, they had sizes less than […]

The possibilities of angiography in identifying distant metastases to a large extent, excluding vascularized tumors, are also limited by the size of the node 2-2 cm. The invasive nature of the study does not exclude the possibility of various complications, […]

The geography of possible metastasis in lung cancer is extremely extensive. However, the favorite localization of tumor metastasis is the liver, adrenal glands, kidneys, skeleton bones, brain and lungs. Moreover, the organs located under the diaphragm are most often involved […]

A feature of lung cancer, unlike all other malignant tumors, is the fact that tumor cells immediately go directly into the systemic circulation, bypassing biological filters, and can gain a foothold in almost any organ. Due to this extended the geography […]

Secondary tumor lesions of the costal pleura and chest wall are the result of either the direct spread of lung cancer or the result of metastasis. Peripheral carcinoma, which is localized in the cloak of the lung, can grow into […]

Radiation symptomatology is determined by the type of metastases. Nodal metastases, growing exocardially, are quite well detected with the simplest radiation study — multiprojection radiography. They are displayed by a limited swelling of the contour of the heart shadow, which is not […]

Symptoms of progressive exudative pericarditis and heart failure also indicate a possible spread of lung cancer in the heart. The most informative method of radiological diagnosis of exudative tumor pericarditis is CT. However, due to the greater availability and cost-effectiveness in […]