False Negative Conclusions

The “false-negative” conclusions in most of our observations were due to the small size of metastatic foci in the kidneys and adrenal glands. So, out of 10 undiagnosed metastases in the kidneys in three cases, their size was 0.5–6 cm, in six —1.0–, 0 cm, in one —2.5 cm. Of the eleven undiagnosed metastases in the adrenal glands, in one in case they were regarded as micrometastases and were detected only by histological examination of sections of organs, in five cases their size was less than 1.0 cm, in three — 1—, 5 cm, in one 2 cm and in another — 4 cm. On the other. hand, metastases of the kidneys, detected by ultrasound, in 4 observations had dimensions of 2.5—, 0 cm, in two – 1.5—, 0 cm, in one —3.6 cm. In t patients with widespread hematogenous metastasis of lung cancer to the abdominal and retroperitoneal organs,The sizes of metastases of the adrenal glands detected by ultrasonoscopy were quite significant — from 5 to 8 cm. Only in two cases, it was possible to visualize foci of 3.5 and 3.1 cm. According to VN Demidov et al. (1987), the minimum size of a tumor located in the parenchyma of the kidney, which can be installed with the help of echography, in most cases is 2.5— cm, and with the defeat of the adrenal glands, considerable diagnostic difficulties arise with foci less than 3 cm in diameter. In one of our observations, metastasis of lung cancer existed against the background of polycystic kidney disease, which also contributed to the erroneous diagnosis. In another observation, a small metastasis was regarded in the preoperative diagnosis as a kidney cyst.In addition, the results of ultrasound diagnostics of lung cancer metatasis in the kidneys and adrenal glands may be affected by previous surgery, overweight patients.

Thus, the diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound are to a certain extent limited, therefore, in clinical practice, it is advisable to use it in combination with other diagnostic methods. At the same time, despite the increasing popularity of computer tomography and nuclear magnetic

over the course of a number of years, it will probably be of paramount importance in identifying hematogenous metastases to the abdominal and retroperitoneal organs. If the results of ultrasound are questionable, then a computed tomography should be performed, preferably using a contrast enhancement technique.

To diagnose metastatic brain tumors, CT should be performed first. Metastases are usually displayed in the form of rounded formations that are homogeneously isoplotny or have a slightly increased density with frequent necrotization in the center and surrounded by a significant area of ​​edema. Visualization of metastases is significantly improved by using the technique of contrast enhancement. Even more informative is MRI, which in diagnostic efficacy exceeds CT by a third.

Thus, for the purpose of diagnosing lung cancer and a comprehensive detailed assessment of its prevalence, radiation testing should include chest x-rays, x-rays of the esophagus, computed tomography of the chest, abdominal echography, CT scan or MRI of the brain and skeleton scintigraphy. Only under this condition can the most accurate pre-operative staging of lung cancer with the detailed characteristics of both the primary tumor and the secondary lesion of various organs and anatomical structures be ensured.

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